Lesson 2: Getting Started
Nursery Establishment
Because of the small nature of tomato seeds, the seedlings are first raised in the nursery then transplanted into the main field. Though some farmers carry out direct planting, it is usually difficult to maintain planting depth as well as moisture levels, leading to poor germination. In the nurseries proper care of the seedling is made possible avoiding the harsh environmental conditions that the seedlings might face if directly seeded. Seed beds also help the farmer ensure that only healthy and strong seedlings are transplanted; translating to better and uniform plants and high production. Another plus for nursery beds is that fewer seeds are used—80–100gms/acre for the nursery, compared to 250–500gms/acre for direct seeding.
Location: The nursery should be located in a flat area that is secure and accessible to allow close monitoring. It should be established near a source of clean usable water and on well-drained soils. The area should be exposed to the sun, well-aerated, protected from strong winds and strategically located to avoid exposure to pests.
Sowing lines: Seeds should be sown at 1cm depth marked with a finger, with 10–15 cm spacing between the sowing lines. Keep the nursery well irrigated and free of weeds; loosen soil to allow water percolation.
Transplanting
Proper field preparation is essential for optimum performance. Recommended spacing for transplanting is 60cm by 60cm. The seedlings are hardened before transplanting by reducing water application and directly exposing them to sunlight 6–9 days before transplanting. This is done to prepare them for the harsh environment they will face in the main field. A good seedling that is ready for transplanting is usually in its fourth or sixth leaf stage (about 4 weeks old) and is vigorous and stocky. Thoroughly water the seedlings about 12 hours before transplanting to the field. Transplanting late in the evening is recommended to allow the seedling longer cooler hours to increase chances of survival.