Gawo 11: Kuwunika Zochita Pafamu
Kuwunika
Mlimi aliyense akuyenera kumvetsetsa njira zomwe zimagwirira ntchito bwino pafamu inayake. Nthawi zina, kafukufuku atha kuchitika mosiyanasiyana kapena m'dera lina ndipo sangagwire ntchito m'munda wa mlimi wina.
Komabe, kuyerekezera kosavuta m’munda kungathandize mlimi kumvetsa phindu ndi kuopsa kwa machitidwe osiyanasiyana. Mafananidwe awa adzawonetsa ngati cholowetsa (inoculant, fungicide kapena herbicide) chimathandizira kukolola ndi phindu. Kuti awunike zolowera m'munda wina wake, mlimi ayenera kupewa kuyezetsa kokondera ndikubwerezanso mankhwalawo kuti akhale ndi chidaliro pazotsatira zake.
Pagawo limodzi, ikani zolowetsa pamalo amodzi ndipo musagwiritse ntchito malo ena, kuti mufananize zotsatira. Kuti mupewe kukondera, sankhani minda ndi madera omwe ali ndi vuto. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mankhwala ophera udzu amayenera kuyesedwa kudera lomwe lakhala ndi vuto la udzu.
Kubwereza zotsatira kumafuna khama komanso kukonzekera, koma ndikofunikira chifukwa mtundu wa dothi, ngalande ndi mphamvu ya tizilombo zimasiyana m'munda. Bwerezaninso chithandizocho m'malo angapo kuti muwerenge za kusinthaku ndikupewa kusankha malo omwe atha kukhala ovuta kwambiri kuposa ena. Mwachitsanzo, ngati m'mphepete mwa mundawo muli udzu wochuluka kuposa munda wonse, kuyezetsa komweko sikungasonyeze mphamvu zonse za mankhwala ophera udzu.
Ngakhale kuyika mankhwala m'mizere ingapo m'munda ndi chiyambi chabwino, njira yabwino ndiyo kubwereza mankhwalawo mwachisawawa. Chithunzi chomwe chili m'munsichi chikuwonetsa chitsanzo chabwino cha kuyesa kosasinthika kuyerekeza zomwe zalowetsedwa. Ngati n’kotheka, ndi bwino kubwerezanso kanayi pamankhwala aliwonse.
Deta yoyenera ikalembedwa, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kusanthula deta pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zowerengera. Mankhwala onse (monga kubzala mitundu yabwino) ayenera kukhala ndi mwayi wofanana woyikidwa mwachisawawa penapake poyesera. Momwemonso, chithandizo chonse chikuyenera kubwerezedwa kangapo (nthawi zambiri zaulimi ndi kasamalidwe ka tizirombo zobwerezedwa zinayi ndizokwanira). Munthu asafike pa mfundo zazikulu pa kuyesa kumodzi. Kuyesera kuyenera kubwerezedwa pa danga (malo) ndi nthawi (kukula kozungulira) kuti ziwonekere motsatira kusinthasintha. Mwachitsanzo, mapulogalamu ambiri oweta amafuna kuti gulu la mitundu liyerekezedwe kwa zaka zitatu m’malo asanu lisanatulutsidwe.
Chitsanzo cha gawo loyeserera komanso losasinthika kwa zolowetsa ziwiri. 1 = Zolowetsa #1, 2 = Zolowetsa #2, 3 = Zolowetsa 2 + 3, 4 = Palibe Zolowetsa kapena Zosathandizidwa
