Gawo 1: Chomera cha Mtedza
Kukambirana za pH ndi laimu - Tsamba 16
Kafukufuku wa nthaka wa minda ya chimanga, mtedza, ndi soya yokwana 850 m’maboma asanu osankhidwa (Lilongwe, Salima, Ntchisi, Kasungu, ndi Mzimba) anapeza pH yosiyana, koma avareji inali pafupifupi 5.2 - yotsika kuposa momwe imayenera kukhalira. Ku onjezerani nitrogen fixation, alimi angagwiritse ntchito inoculants, koma izi sizigwira ntchito bwino pamene nthaka ili ndi pH yochepa.
ndipo zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri pamene pH ili pafupi ndi 6.0. Mfundo yakuti minda yambiri ili pansi pa milingo yabwino kwambiri ndi malo zodetsa nkhawa za alimi a mtedza ndi zokolola zidzakhalabe zosatheka mpaka nthaka itakonzedwa.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolowetsa - Tsamba 18
Mayesero aposachedwapa omwe achitika ku Malawi akuwonetsa phindu logwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otsekemera komanso kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni wachilengedwe kukhazikika ndi zokolola, koma izi sizinawonedwe kukhala zogwirizana m'malo onse kapena m'mitundu yonse. Izi zomwezo kusagwirizana kumawoneka m'mayiko ambiri kumene ma jekeseni amagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma machitidwe a deta amasonyeza kufunika kowagwiritsa ntchito bzala makamaka ngati nthaka pH ili pamwamba (pamwamba pa 5.5).
Pansi pa nthaka yotsika pH, zomwe ndizochitika zofala ku Malawi, kugwiritsa ntchito gypsum kumatha kuchepetsa zokolola.
Kafukufuku wopangidwa mu nyengo yakukula ya 2020-2021 pazovuta zakugwiritsa ntchito boron ndi calcium adawonetsa zotsatira zabwino pa zokolola m'malo awiri, mitundu yonse ya Chitala ndi CG9, komanso nthawi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasiku osiyanasiyana m'minda yokhala ndi nthaka pH pafupi ndi 6.0.
Zithunzi za matenda - Tsamba 25
Bukuli lili ndi zithunzi zatsopano zosonyeza zizindikiro za matenda a mtedza wofala kwambiri.
Early leaf spot (ELS) ndi late leaf spot (LLS) ndi matenda awiri a foliar omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bowa, pomwe dzimbiri ndi mafangasi ena.
matenda omwe nthawi zina amapezeka pamodzi ndi mawanga a masamba. Matenda ena, kuvunda kwa korona, kumatha kupha mbande. Chachikulu Chiwopsezo ku zokolola za mtedza ndi mtedza wa rosette, wochulukirachulukira wa ma virus omwe amafalitsidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Zithunzi zosinthidwa mu wotsogolera akuwonetsa mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya rosette, chlorotic rosette yomwe imatembenuza masamba achichepere kukhala achikasu ndi obiriwira zomwe zingadziwike ndi zomera zopunthwa kwambiri.
Kuwunika machitidwe - Tsamba 48
Gawo latsopano likufotokoza njira yoyambira yoyesera machitidwe abwino pamunda wa munthu, popeza chiwembu chilichonse chili zosiyana, ndi kafukufuku wochitidwa pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana kapena m'dera lina ndipo sangagwire ntchito mwapadera munda wa mlimi. Kuyerekeza kosavuta kungathandize mlimi kuzindikira phindu ndi kuopsa kwa machitidwe ndi ngati jekeseni, fungicide kapena herbicide imathandizira kuti pakhale zokolola komanso phindu.
Zojambula - Zowonjezera
Kupititsa patsogolo Kukolola kwa Mtedza ndi Kuchepetsa Aflatoxin ndi pepala lamasamba awiri, lokonzedwa kuti alimi awone mgwirizano wa kukula kwa pod, zokolola, ndi kuipitsidwa kwa aflatoxin.