Kasinthasintha wa njira ndi luso la kalimidwe ka masamba zinachokera ku malimidwe osiyanasiyana monga; kukumba nthaka kawiri, minda yozungulira, minda ya m`matumba, kulima m`chigwa, kapena mabedi okwera oika kompositi, kugalauza, kulima mosinthasintha komanso kusakanizira zina mwa zipangizo za ulimi. Zina zimagwira bwino ntchito pamene zina sizigwira ntchito m`minda ikuluikulu. Njira zinazi zidali zogwirizana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo pamene zina sizingatheke chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito yake kuti ziyang`aniridwe bwino kuti zipindule.

Kodi tikhoza Kulima Masamba mu Njira ya Mulungu?

Masamba safanana ndi mbewu zina chifukwa;

a. Sachedwa kucha

b. Ali ndi mizu yofooka yapamwamba ndiyosapita pansi kwambiri

c. Amafuna zakudya zochuluka

Pokwaniritsa izi tikufunika kukhala ndi munda wokhazikika ndi wachonde wa dothi logwirana bwino zomwe sizimapezeka maka m`chaka choyamba. Alimi ambiri a masamba sadekha chifukwa amafuna kuyamba kubzala mwachangu. Alimi ambiri amafuna kuyamba kulima masamba ovuta zomwe sizibweretsa zotsatira zabwino. Tiyenera kusamala pamene tikusankha mtundu wa msamba womwe tikufuna kuyesa kubzala koyambilira.

2.1. Kusosa, Kusalaza ndi Kuphimbira

Sosani munda pochotsa zitsamba, zomera ndi udzu woyanga pansi powuzula ndikuochotsamo m`munda. Salazani munda wanu bwino pokwilira maenje onse ngakhale kuli kusokoneza nthawi koma aka ndi komaliza kutelo.

Makamaka, ngati muli ndi nthawi yokwanila mukhoza kuchita liphimbe udzu wochuluka (10cm) lomwe ndi bulangete la Mulungu kwa miyezi iwiri isanafike nthawi yososa kuti tiphe udzu wonse woyanga pansi.

Yezani kakulidwe ka malo omwe mukufuna kulima ndipo manganipo mpanda, kumbukirani kuti ndi zofunika kuyamba ndi malo ochepa kenako kuwakuza pamene luso lanu likukula. Onetsetsani kuti malo anu akhale otetezedwa, opanda nthunzi ndipo alipafupi ndi madzi.

2.2. Kupanga Zingwe Zoyezera

Pali njila zambiri zolimira masamba ndi ndondomeko zake. Koma tasankha yosavuta ndiyokhazikika ya (75cm) pa mpata omwe umagwira ndi mitundu ya mbeu zamasamba ambiri.

Mwachitsanzo; nyemba, nsawawa, chimanga chotsekemera, tsabola onunkhira, kabitchi, kalifulawa ndi mabiringano, muyezo wa (75cm) ndiwoyenera. Tomato ndi sikwachi zimabzalidwa pa muyezo wa (1,5m) kudumphitsa mzere umodzi. Bonongwe, sipinachi ndi repu zibzalidwe m`mizere ya (37.5cm) ndipo chofunika ndikungogawa mizere ya (75cm) ija pakati. Mbewu zomwe zimafunika mizere yopapatiza ndi ngati kaloti, anyezi, anyenzi otsekemera ndi bitiruti zibzalidwe pa muyezo wa (18.5cm/20cm) pa mizere pamene tingogawa mizere ya (75cm) ija pakati kenanso yotsalayo pakati monga ziriri munsimu.

Kaloti mu timizere iwiri ndi anyenzi otsekemera mu timizere itatu kumunsi kwa chikhomo chamuyaya cha 75cm.

Kuti mugawe bwino munda wanu m`magawo amuyaya pa muyeso wa (75cm) m`mipata ya mizere, pangani chingwe choyezera chosatamuka molingana ndi kukula kwa munda wanu. Zikani chikhomo mbali ya ku mtundu kwa munda wanu ndipo pangani khwekhwe ndikukola chikhomocho, yalani chingwe chanu kupita mbali yotsika ya munda kufikira pa chikhomo china. Chingwe chiri chokunga yambani kuyeza ndi kuika zizindikiro pa muyezo wa (75cm) pa chingwe chanu, mukhoza kuika mapepala kapena ulusi kapenanso zitsekero za mabotolo.

Bwerezani ndondomeko tafotokozayi popanga chingwe choyezera mapando obzalira a (60cm) a mbewu monga tomato, mabiringano, chimanga chotsekemera komanso tsabola onunkhira, komanso muyezo wa (45cm) wa kabitchi, kalifulawa, bulokoli ndi selari. Zingwe zoyezerazi ndi zofunika kwambiri pofuna kudziwa chiwerengero cha mbewu zomwe zadzalidwa m`mapando komanso ngati zapangidwa pa muyezo wapamwamba umene ukhoza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse.

2.3.Kayalidwe ka munda wobzalira pansi pa mlingo wa (75cm) panzere

“Chilichonse mukachichita, gwirani ntchito mochokera mu mtima monga kwa Ambuye osati kwa anthu ayi” Akolose 3:23.

Ngati munda wanu siofanana mbali, gwiritsani ntchito zikhomo ziwiri zolumikizira motsetsereka ngati poyambira, kenako onjezerani mbali iliyonse payokha payokha mpaka m`mapeto a munda ndikuikamo zikhomo zamuyaya. Ngati mwachita izi, chotsani zikhomo zonse za mkati.

‘’Zikhomo zonse zamuyaya’’ pa mlingo wa 75cm pa mpata wa mzere mbali zonse za munda wa masamba zikuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi munda wopambana wokhazikika.

Ubwino wa zikhomo za muyaya ndi monga:

1) Kuonjezera chonde pa malo obzala (pa phando)

2) Zakudya zotsala za nthaka zimagwilitsidwa ntchito ndi mbewu yotsatira

3) Umalimbikitsa kukonzedwanso kwa dothi pa malo obzalidwa.

4) Mauna a mizu yowola amalola kayendedwe ka bwino ka madzi ndi mpweya mthaka.

5) Umathandizira kukonzedwanso kwa mchere wofunikira mnthaka nthawi zonse.

6) Kugogomezeka kwa nthaka kumachitika mochepa makamaka malo oyendamo okha.

7) Kutembenuza nthaka kumakhala kochepa ndipo udzunso umamera ochepa

Imodzi mwa mfungulo zathu za kuyang’anira ndiko kuchita zinthu mwa pamwamba kwambiri ndiye pa kusamala mayalidwe awa a munda ndi zikhomo zamuyaya pa muyezo wa 75cm zizatipangitsa kuti tikolole zochuluka.

2.4. Mabedi a Mmwamba Okhazikika a mmalo ochuluka chinyezi

Malingana ndi mfundo za Kulima mu Njila ya Mulungu, Mchitidwe wobzalira pansi ndiwabwino ngati mutayala bwino munda wanu poika mipita yodutsamo yokhazikika komanso kuika manyowa ndi kompositi ochuluka zidzapangitsa kukhazikika kwa mzere wokwera pakutha pa nthawi, komabe ngat pali chiopyezo cha kuchuluka kwa madzi, muyenera kukweza mabedi anu chifukwa mbeu zamasamba zambiri sizimachita bwino pamene ziri pa madzi ochuluka.

Pangani mizere yanu motsetsereka chitunda, osati modutsana ndi chitunda koma pangani mizere yanu motsitsa. Zikutanthauza mbali ya kuntunda ndikumunsi kwa munda wanu kukhale zikhomo zamuyaya za 75cm m`malo moziika mbali ya kumanja ndi kumanzere. Izi zizathandiza kuti madzi adziyenda motsetsereka nkumatuluka mmunda wanu wa masamba. Mulingo woyenera wa mabedi amwamba ukhale 15cm kukwera mwamba, 100cm kutambalala kwa pamwamba komanso 120cm kutambalala pansi ndipo mpata wa njira zodutsamo zokhazikika ukhale 30cm. Dziwani kuti pali mizere iwiri ya 75cm pabedi lanu la mwamba ndipo simzere umodzi. Mizere iwiri imeneyi ikhoza kugawidwanso kukhala mizere itatu pa mulingo wa37.5 kapena kugawidwa kukhala mizere inayi pa mulingo wa 18.75 ndipo mizere imeneyi ikhale mkati mwa zikhomo zamuyaya.

Pamene mwaika zikhomo zanu zamuyaya za 75cm, kuchokera pa 30cm kwezani dothi pabedi lanu la 100cm ndipo mufikire utali wa 15cm pamwamba pa bedi lanu, zimene zizathandiza mizu yosafuna madzi ochuluka kukhala ndi mphamvu. Ngati nkotheka kumbani tingalande totulutsila madzi kumusi kwa munda wanu kuti madzi ochuluka azituluka mosavuta.

Ngakhale ndizosemphana ndi mfundo zosagalauza nthaka, koma ngati mwaukonza bwino munda wanu m`chaka choyamba, zidzakuthandizani kukhala ndi mabedi a muyaya. Bulangete la Mulungu lidzigwiritsidwa ntchito pophimba pamwamba pa mabedi anu a m`mwamba komanso munjira zodutsamo ngati m`mene mumachitira ndi minda yobzalira pansi. Kuphimba njira zodutsamo za m`munda wanu kudzathandiza kuti dothi la mbali mwa mabedi anu lisamagumuke komanso kumera kwa udzu kumachepa.

2.5. Kusankha Njira Za Kathiriridwe

Kakonzedwe ka munda kalibe vuto ngati mwasankha njira za kathiridwe ka madzi zotsatirazi: wotakeni, mipope ya mmwamba, mipope ya pansi, koma ngati mwasankha njira yopatutsa madzi, konzani munda wanu popanga mabeseni a pansi mwachitsanzo, kumunda wathu wachitsanzo ku port Elizabeth timagwiritsa ntchito njira ya mipope ya pansi (ya diripi) chifukwa kumakhala mvula yochepa ya pachaka imene ndi pafupifupi 250–350mm, komabe mawotakeni amagwirabe ntchito makamaka mbewu zikakhala zazing`ono. Ndondomeko za Kulima mu Njira ya Mulungu zimagwirabe ntchito posayang`anira njira ya kathirilidwe yomwe mwasankha.

Ma Wotakeni

Imeneyi ndi njira yothirira mbeu yodziwika bwino makamaka kwa alimi ang`onoang`ono ngakhale imatenga nthawi yaitali. Njirayi ndi yogwirizana ndi imodzi mwa mfundo za Kulima mu Njira ya Mulungu yomwe imalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe mulinazo onetsetsani kuti kotulukira madzi kwa wotakeni yanu kuli mabowo a mulingo wabwino, chifukwa mabowo akuluakulu amapangitsa kuti nzere ndi mbeu zanu zikokololoke. Kawirikawiri alimi amathilira madzi ochepa pamene afika kumapeto kwa ndime zomwe ndi kutaya nthawi. M`malo mwake thilirani mochepa mwa pafupipafupi mbeu zikakhala zochepa, pamene mbeu zanu zikukula ndi kuzika mizu pansi thilirani madzi ambiri mwapatalipatali. Thirirani mbali mwa mbewu zanu kuti tichepetse kunyowa kwa masamba a mbeu zomwe masamba ake safuna madzi ochuluka zimene zidzatithandiza kuti masamba athu atetezeke ku matenda osiyanasiyana. Ubwino wotsatira ndondomeko ya kathiridwe ka wotakeni umapangitsa njirayi kukhala yosavuta ndi yodalirika

Mipope ya mwamba

Njira imeneyi ndiyodziwika bwino komanso ndiyotchipa mwa njira zina makamaka ku minda ikuluikulu. Mu kayalidwe ka munda wanu onetsetsani kuti njira zodutsamo zanu mwazipanga bwibo kuti muzitha kukoka ndi kudusitsa mapaipi mosavuta kupita pa malo omwe mukufuna. Onetsetsani kuti mipope yanu ikuzungulira ndi kutulutsa madzi bwino monga zinapangidwira kuti madzi afikire ponseponse m`munda wanu. Vuto la njirayi ndi lakuti nkovuta kupewa kunyowetsa masamba omwe safuna madzi ochuluka zomwe zingapangitse kuti mbeu zanu zigwidwe ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Vuto lina ndi lakuti madzi amafikira ponseponse m`munda ngakhale pa malo pamene palibe mbewu zomwe ndi kuononga madzi.

Mipope ya pansi yodomthetsa

Mipope yathu ya pansi yodomthetsa imapangwidwa ndi paipi yaitali imodzi yomwe imakhala pa nzere wa 75cm uliwonse imenenso iri ndi mabowo pa mlingo wa 30cm kuti izithilira madzi okwanira malita awiri pa ola. Timathilira mbeu zing`onozing`ono tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo pamene mbeu zakula ndi kukhazikika timathilira ola limodzi katatu pa sabata kutengera m`mene nyego ilili. Ili ndi gawo lochepa chabe chofunika muchigawo cha kathilidwe ndipo zili ndi phindu lalikulu posunga madzi komanso ndi ubwino wowoneka wa Bulangete la Mulungu.

Kupanga mabeseni apansi a njira yopatutsa madzi

Alimi ochuluka ang`ono ang`ono ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mathiredo pampu ndi madzi a m`makanala, omwe ngati angagwiritsidwe bwino ntchito makanalawa, mabedi apansi komanso Bulagete la Mulungu zimapangitsa kuti akhale ndi ulimi wa masamba opindulutsa. Zikani zikhomo zanu za muyaya za 75cm modutsa chitunda monga mwa nthawi zonse. Salazani pang`ono bedi la pansi pa muyezo wa 1m mkati mwake motsetsereka ndi mulingo wosapyola 4m mulitali mopingasa. (onani chithunzi cha dongosolo la njirayi m`musimu)

Makanala amabweretsa madzi motsetsereka m`mipata ya mabedi a pansi. Pofuna kuthilira madzi m`mabedi a pansi, tchingani kanala ndi thumba la mchenga ndipo tsekulani mbali ya bedi loyandikira kuti mulowe madzi. Dzadzani bedi lanu mpaka pa mulingo wa 5cm. Musathire madzi mopyora muyezo chifukwa zimawononga nthaka. Mukatha ndi bedi loyamba chotsani ndipo muchite chimodzimodzi ndi mabedi ena a m`munsi. Njirai ndi yosavuta chifukwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito nyengo yosowa mvula ndipo ilibe chiopsezo cha kuchuluka kwa madzi. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuthilira madzi ochuluka, musakweze kwambiri m`mbali za mabedi anu.

Alimi ambiri omwe amatsatira uphungu wa Kulima mu Njira ya Mulungu ku Malawi amathilira mabedi awo a pansi katatu kapena kanayi m`chaka chonse cha ulimi wa chimanga kusiyana ndi khumi ndi kawiri (12) ndi alimi ena omwe amapanga mizere zimene ndi zopepuka ndi zosunga nthawi.

2.6. Kapangidwe Ka Munda

Tsopano muli ndi munda wanu wogawidwa bwino ndi zikhomo zamuyaya za 75cm. Chotsatira ndiko kudekha kuganizira bwino za dongosolo la malo ati, mbewu yanji komanso ndi nthawi yanji muyenera kudzala

2.6.1. Kugawa magawo atatu ofanana

Muli ndi zikhomo zanu zonse zamuyaya za 75cm m`munda wanu gawani kuchuluka kwa zikhomo ndi 3 ndipo chotsani chikhomo chimodzi kapena ziwiri mbali iliyonse kuti mukhale ndi magawo atatu ofanana. Mwamagawo atatu bzalani gawo lirilonse mtundu wa mbeu ya masamba yosiyana ndi lizake. Monga; za zipatso, za mizu ndi za masamba, ndipo chitani kasinthasintha nyengo zonse za kulima pamene mbeu zanu zacha. Kapena pakutha pa miyezi 6

Mwachitsanzo:

Mbeu za zipatso - Nyemba, Nsawawa, Chimanga chotsekemera, tomato, mabiringano, tsabola onunkhira, maungu, mphonda, zukini ndi patepani.

Mbeu za Masamba - Spinachi, kale, bonongwe, kabitchi, kolifulawa, bulokoli, mpiru, letesi, repu, tchainizi, koliyanda, ndi roketi.

Mbeu Za mizu - Kaloti, bitiruti, anyezi, anyezi otsekemera, redishi, mbatata ya makolo ndi kachewere.

2.6.2. Kasinthasintha

Magulu atatu a mbeuzi zikuyenera kupangidwa kasinthasintha pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse kuti zonse zopindulitsa ndi kasinthasintha zichitike monga; kupewa ziopsezo zina, kusokoneza kufalikira kwa matenda komanso kuonjezera mchere wofunika mnthaka ndi zofunika zina.

Kasintha 1: Mu gawo loyamba la kulima mbeu za zipatso zikhala mu gawo A, Zamasamba mu gawo B ndipo za mizu mu gawo C.

Kasintha 2: Munyengo ya chilimwe kasinthasintha achitika pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pamene mbeu za zipatso za mu gawo B zipita mu gawo C ndipo mbeu za mizu zipita m`wamba mu gawo A.

Kasintha 3: Nyengo ya dzinja pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi pamene mbeu ya mizu zibzalidwe mu gawo B, ndipo mbewu ya zipatso mu gawo C pamene mbeu zamasamba zibzalidwe mu gawo A.

Kasintha 4: Mu kasinthasintha wa chinayi mu nyengo ya chilimwe tibwereza kubzala mbeu za zipatso mu gawo A, mbeu za masamba mu gawo B ndi mbeu za mizu mu gawo C.

2.6.3 Kusinthasintha mu kasinthasintha

Choyang`nira china cha mbeu zosachedwa kucha ndi kusinthasintha mu kasinthasintha. Chitsanzo chabwino ndi pamene mwakolola mbeu zanu za mizu isanathe miyezi isanu ndi umodzi musanafike mu kasinthasintha wina wa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndipo bzalani mbeu ina ya mizu pa malo omwewo. Mwachitsanzo kaloti kutsatana ndi bitiruti kapena anyenzi otsekemera mpaka nthawi zina kulima mitundu itatu ya mbeu monga bitiruti kutsatana ndi radishi kenako anyezi otsekemera, zonse zibzalidwe mu malo mudabzalidwa kale mu nyengo ya miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Kasinthasintha mu kasinthasintha uyu amathandiza kuti tizilombo towononga mtundu wina wa mbeu tisapatsidwe mwayi wokhalanso ndi moyo. Njirayi imathandiza kuti munda wanu uzipindula polimidwa mopitiliza poti mzere uliwonse umakhala wosabzalidwa kwa kanthawi kochepa mosapyola sabata ziwiri zokha.

2.6.4 Kubzala mosiyanasiyana

Dongosolo la munda wina uliwonso likuyenera kukhala ndi kabzalidwe ka mbewu kosiyanasiyana kochepa kwa masabata awiri aliwonse ndi cholinga chofuna kupeza cholowa chochuluka komanso chakudya chapakhomo chokwanira kwa nthawi yaitali, mbali ina mukukwaniritsa zolinga za upangiri osaononga; Izi ndi zofunika ndi mbeu zomwe zimakololedwa kamodzi monga: anyezi, chimanga chotsekemera, kabitchi, kalifulawa, bulokoli, letesi ndi bitiruti kungotchulapo zochepa chabe.

Anyezi otsekemera wobzalidwa pa milungu iwiri iliyonse - watsopano mbali yakumanzere

2.6.5 Kubzala Masamba Ochuluka

Ndizabwino kuyamba ndi mbeu ya masamba zosavuta kulima chifukwa ngati mungakwanitse zipangitsa alimi kulimbikitsika kuyesera kulimanso kachiwiri mukangomaliza kukhala ndi nyengo za mbeu ziwiri zopambana mu ulimi wanu, mutha kuyamba kubzala mbeu zochuluka zamasamba zovuta.

Zoyeserera koyamba ku mbeu za zipatso monga; Nyemba, chimanga chotsekemera ndi masikwashi, Mbeu za masamba ndi monga; sipinachi, kale ndi bonongwe, mbeu za mizu monga; bitiruti, kaloti ndi anyezi.

Sizinapangidwe kuti mbeu zonsezi zamasamba zibzalidwe nthawi imodzi monga zikuwonekera pachithunzi chili pamwambachi koma kuti masamba uchuluka oposera mbeu imodzi abzalidwe mu gawo limodzi la munda wanu. Munda wathu wa chitsanzo wa kulima masamba mu Njira ya Mulungu nthawi zambiri mumakhala mitundu ya mbeu yokwanira khumi ndi ziwiri mpaka khumi ndi isanu nthawi imodzi.

2.7 Nthawi Yobzalira

Mu Kulima mu Njira ya Mulungu timalimbikitsa mfundo ya Kuyang’anira kwabwino yochita zinthu ‘’mu Nthawi yake’’. Mbeu iliyonse ya masamba ili ndi nthawi yake yobzalira, poyang`anira nyengo ya tsiku ndi tsiku ndi maola a kawalidwe ka dzuwa komanso kubzala kwanu ndi dongosolo la kasinthasintha mukuyenera kuziganizira bwino. Gwiritsani ntchito nthawi yobzalira yopezeka mu buku la ulimi wa masamba mu Njira ya Mulungu kuti musankhe kuti mubzala liti mbeu zanu za masamba zosiyanasiyana mu nthawi yake yoyenera “Khalani omasuka kutsatira ndondomeko ya nthawi yobzalira kutengera ndi luso lanu komanso mbeu zopezeka mdera lanu.

2.8 Kumasula nthaka

Masamba ali ndi mizu yofooka ndipo ndi zofunukira kulekanitsa nthaka yogwirana ndi cholinga chofuna kuti ulimi wanu ukhale wopambana. Sunthani kumunsi Bulangete la Mulungu pa malo amene mukufuna kumasula nthaka. Lowetsani chipangizo chomasulira nthaka chanu pa mulingo wa 30cm kulowa pansi pang`onopang`ono ndipo kankhani pa mulingo wokwanira 10cm mopita mbuyo mpaka mutaona kuti nthaka yanu yamasuka. Musatengeke kuti munyamule nthaka mwamba kapena kuitembenuza, m`malo mwake mungoimasula pang`ono chabe basi. Pitilizani kumasula nthaka pa mlingo wa(10cm) moyenda cham`buyo motsatira mzere. Masulani nthaka malo a mulingo wa chomasulira nthaka chanu chokha basi omwe ndi mpata wa mulingo wa (20cm) pamwamba pa mzere wanu womwe mubzalepo mbeu zanu kuti mizu yake ilowe bwino pansi mnthaka.

Musanabzale, onani ngati kugogomezeka kwa dothi kwatha poyesa nthaka yanu kumasuka kwake. Ngati chomasulira chanu chilowe pansi mosavuta pa mulingo woyenera ndiye kuti simukuyenera kumasulanso nthaka yanu. Koma ngati sichitero ndiye mukuyenera kukhala wokhulupirikabe ndi kumasula nthaka mokodwera. Nthaka yanu idzakhala ikukonzekanso poimasula, kuthira kompositi ndi kupezeka kwa nyongolosi zosiyanasiyana.

2.9 Kuchotsa Mchere Woipa Munthaka

Nthaka ya mchere ndi vuto m`malo ochuluka a nthaka yambiri ndi nyengo zake, koma izi zimayambika ndi mvula ya mchere woipa, kugalauza, kuchepa kwa zinyalala mnthaka ndi feteleza wa makono. Nthaka ya michere yoipa imachotsa zakudya zoyenera za mbeu ndikuletsa makulidwe abwino amasamba. Choncho thirani phulusa, ufa wa mafupa kapena laimu wa alimi kuti muchotse mchere woipa munthaka.

Phulutsa ndilosavuta kupeza ndipo limachotsa mchere osafunikira wa mlingo wa(10- 12PH) pamene lanyowa limakhala la mulingo wa (25-50) wa kasiyamu kaboneti, komanso phulusa silimangothandiza kuchotsa michere yoipa yokha komanso muli zakudya zikuluzikulu za mbeu monga; potasiyamu, fosifulasi, kasiamu, maginiziamu ndi safa komanso muli zakudya zing`onozing`ono za mbeu monga; ironi, manganizi ,kopa ndi zinki zomwe ndizofunika pa zomera za thanzi, komanso kapangidwe ka mitundu ya zipatso ndikuti zikhale zabwino ndi zofunika.

Ufa wa mafupa umapangidwa kuchokera ku mafupa ambalame, nsomba kapena anyama. Izi ndi zolowa mthumba komanso zosapezekeratu koma zikhoza kupangidwa pakhomo pophika mafupa ndi kuwayanika kwa mwezi umodzi kenako ndikudzawasinja mu mtondo nkupanga ufa wopereseka bwino. Ngakhale ufa wa mafupa uli ndi kuthekera pang`ono kuchotsa michere yoipa mnthaka koma muli kusiyana kwa mulingo wa (25%) ndi fosifulasi (12%) ndi zakudya zina za mnthaka monga; aironi, maginizi ndi zinki. Zizindikilo zowoneka za umboni wa kuchepa kwa zakudya za nthaka zimenezi kudzaonekera ku mbeu zanu, masamba ndi kapangidwe ka maluwa maonekedwe a mitundu ya zipatso ndi thanzi lonse la zomera.

Laimu ndi ufa ung`onoung`ono woyera wochokera ku miyala yochuluka ya laimu yogaidwa yomwe poyambilira penipeni imapagidwa kuchokera ku fumbi lochuluka la kasiyamu pamene laimu wa dolomaitiki amakhala ndi kasiyamu ndi fumbi la maginiziamu.

Choncho amakhala wopanda mchere akanyowa ndipo amathandiza kukwera kwa michere nthaka pa mlingo woyenera. Laimu ndi wamphamvu kuposa phulusa la nkhuni kotero mlingo wa kathilidwe kuyenera kukhala theka.

Kathiridwe ka mchere yothandiza kuchotsa mchere woipa mnthaka kumatengera ndi mtundu wa mchere womwe mwasankha. Pa muyezo wokhazikika, kuti muike moyenera, thirani supuni imodzi yaikulu ya phulusa kapena supuni ya tiyi ya laimi pa phando pa muyezo wa 60cm. Ngati simukukhutira ngati nthaka yanu ikadalibe ndi mchere wochuluka, pitilizani kuthira phulusa mpaka nyengo zoyambilira ziwiri zobzalira, kenako yesani munda wanu kuti muone phindu lowoneka pa mizere imene mudathira laimu ndi imene simunathire.

2.10 Zothira munthaka – Manyowa kapena kompositi

Chigawo cha m`mene mungakonzere munda ndi m`mene mungabzalire zimatengera zipangizo zomwe muli nazo:

Monga A) “Kompositi oika pamwamba” munda onse kapena ma bande

Kapena B) “Manyowa kapena kompositi ochepa” mma pando, mtingalande, kapena

m`mabeseni a pansi.

Ganizo la zolowa mnthaka ndilovuta kulipanga chifukwa limadalira chimene Mulungu wakupatsani mdzanja lanu zomwe zafotokozeredwa bwino mu maphunziro aja a “Kumvetsetsa kuti Mulungu ndi Okwaniria mu Zonse” (onani mfungulo za mbaibulo ya chitatu mu buku la Mphunzitsi).

A) Kompositi oika pa pamwamba

Mulungu kupolera mu nzeru zake za pamwamba, akutionetsera kudzera mu chilegedwe chake m`mene amadyetsera zomera kuchokera pamwamba pa nthaka kudzera m`masamba a mitengo ndi nthambi komanso zipatso zimene zaola ndi kuika zofunikira monga chonde munthaka. Njira yoika Kompositi pamwamba pa nthaka ndi yofulumira pa ulimi ndipo imatilora ife kuphunzira ndi kutsatira zimene Mlengi wathu amachitira ndi munda uja wa kum`mawa kwa Edeni pachiyambi.

Kunena zowona zamasamba zimachita bwino ndi Kompositi kusiyana ndi feteleza, chifukwa Kompositi ali ndi zonse zofunikira mu nthaka zimene zimakhala kuti zasakanizidwa bwino, muli nyongolosi zofunikira komanso pa muyeso woyenera. Zirombo zosafunika zimakhla kuti zafamo kusiyamo ma bakiteriya ndi ma fangasi amene amathandizira kuonjezera chonde mnthaka. Tikayang`ana kompositi oika pamwamba tipeza kuti amakhala a mulingo wa pamwamba, amaonjezera chonde, amapsa bwino, amalola mpweya kumadutsa mosavuta, amapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zodziwika bwino monga; zobiliwira 45%, za timitengo 10%, zouma 35%, ndowe 10% zomwe ndi miyezo yoyenera ku ulimi wa zamasamba ndi cholinga chochulukitsa ma bakitiriya kusiyana ndi ma fangasi. Ngati Kompositi wanu atsalira pang`ono ndi timabulu, muyenera kusefa ndi sefa ya mabowo a 2cm kuti mabedi anu obzalapo kapena kufeserapo mbeu asakhale ndi tizibulumwa. Onani chaputala 3 – Kompositi.

Njira yoyenera ya Komposisti oika pamwamba:

 Sunthani bulangete kupita ku Munsi
 Takasani/ masulani nthaka
 Konzani nthaka (kuchotsa mchere woipa)
 Mwazani kompositi pamwamba
 Dindani tingalande
 Bzalani ndipo muvindikire nthaka

Mulifupi mwa bande la Kompositi oika pamwamba mukhale 10cm pa mbeu za mzere umodzi – umodzi ndipo 25 – 40cm pa mbeu za mizere iwiri – iwiri kapena kuposerapo. Kuzama kwa Kompositi kutengera mtundu wa mbeu kuti ngati imadya chonde pang’ono ikhale 2cm, ngati imadya mwa pakatikati 3cm ndipo ngati imadya kwambiri 5cm.

Ngakhale zokolola zanu za mgawo loyamba la mchaka choyamba ulimi ziri zosasangalatsa kweni kweni, Kompositi oika pamwamba adzathangatira nthaka yanu kukhalanso ndi chonde, kupyolera mu kubwezeretsa chonde mu Umulungu pamene mukufunanso kubzala; ndipo nthaka yanu idzakhalabe ikupitilira kuchita bwino mu zigawo zonse za ulumi. Ndikofunika kupitiliza kuika Kompositi pamwamba pa nthaka nthawi zonse mukamabzala kuti mbeu zanu zikhale ndi chakudya chambiri chokwanira. komabe pamene mukubzala anyezi ndi karoti, kompositi wa chaka chapambuyo akhoza kukhala okwanira kuti zichite bwino mpaka kudzakolola koma izi zitengera ndi m`mene chonde chiliri mu nthaka yanu.

B) Manyowa/kompositi ochepa

Ngakhale zili zofunika kugwiritsa ntchito kompositi wabwino wa mu Njira ya Mulungu koma alimi ambiri sakhala ndi kompositi wa mulingo wofunikira pachiyambi. Manyowa sangagwiritsidwe ntchito monga komposoti wioka pamwamba pa nthaka chifukwa akhoza kuotcha mizu, mitengo ndi masamba a mbeu zina zomwe sizichedwa kututumuka. M`malo mwake amaikidwa pa phando, mntingalande ngakhalenso m`mabeseni kenako kuwakwilira ndi dothi pa mulingo wa 3cm kuti mbeu isagundane ndi manyowa. Kukwilira manyowa ndi dothi uku kumathandiza alimi a Kulima mu Njira ya Mulungu kuti agwiritse manyowa ngakhale awisi aposachedwa popanda vuto loti akhoza kuotcha mbewu kapena njere za mbeu zanu komanso amapangitsa kuti mbeu zigwiritse ntchito nchere wa nthaka wa Naitilojeni opezeka mmanyowa.

Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito manyowa kapena kompositi ochepa, dziwani kuti zili zofanana kwambiri pa upangiri wa munda weniweni wa Kulima mu Njira ya Mulungu. Sunthani bulangete la Mulungu mmunsi pang’ono ndipo onetsetsani kuti mwamasula ntchaka yanu pa mulingo wa 30cm kupita pansi pa nthaka, kumbani mapando, tingalande komanso mabeseni, thirani phulusa kapena laimu, thirani 500ml ya manyowa kapena kompositi, lekanitsani pokwilira ndi dothi pa mulingo wa 3cm, bzalani ndi kukwirira.

“Koma nditi ichi kuti iye wakufesa mouma m`manja, mouma manjanso adzatuta, Ndipo iye wakufesa moolowa manja moolowa m`manjanso adzatuta.” 2 Akorinto 9:6

Mapando

Mapando ndi maenje ang`ono ang’ono amene amapangidwira njere za mbeu komanso zomera zokhala ndi nthanga zosiyanasiyana zimene zimafuna mipata ikuluikulu monga: tomato, mabiringano, tsabola onunkhira, chimanga chotsekemera, kolifulawa, kabitchi komanso bulokoli mwa zina. Ndipo dzenje likuyenera kukhala la mulingo wovomerezeka wa 12cm m`mbali ndi 15cm mulitali ndi 15cm kupita pansi.

Ikani chingwe chanu choyezera ku zikhomo zanu zamuyaya ndipo chinyamuleni m`mwamba ndi kuchitsitsa mokoka pofuna kutsimikiza kuti chili chowongoka komansoo chokungika. Mukuyang’ana kumtunda kwa munda, ndendemezani mutu wa khasu pa chizindikira pa chigwe chanu ndipo kumbani phando lanu. Yambani kukumba motalikira 15cm munsi kuchoka pa chizindikiro cha chingwe, mozikumba mozikirapo mukamayandikira chizindikiro cha pachingwe chanu. Zimatenga kugagada dothi kasanu kapena kasanu ndi kamodzi poika dothi ku mbali imodzi ya kumusi kwa phando ndipo onetsetsani kuti mwapanga mulu wa dothi lochuluka komanso liri malo amodzi loti mudzakwirire nalo mphando lanu mtsogolo. Onani m`mene mapando anu ayenera kukhalira akuya kumtunda ndikukhala osaya kumusi kwa munda wanu.

Kusiyanitsa kwa mlingo wovomerezeka wa mapando kumakhalapo ngati mukufuna kubzala ma masikwashi, pamene mapando amakhala akuya pa 20cm kupita pansi ndi mbali mwa phando ndipo potsatira amabwezedwa ndi manyowa ochuluka kapena ndowe zochuluka zosakanizidwa ndi dothi.

Tingalande

Ngalande zimakhala ndi maonekedwe ngati chilembo cha V pa mlingo wa (10cm) kupita pansi ndi (10cm) m`bali wokhala minzere yoongoka komanso yaitali yomwe imapangidwira mbeu zokhala ndi mipata ing`onoing`ono podzala monga nyemba, nsawawa, sipinachi, kale ndi bonongwe. Mangani chingwe pa zikhomo zanu za muyaya ndipo chinyamuleni m`mwamba ndikuchitsitsa mobwereza kuti mutsimikize kuti ndichokungika komanso ndi choongoka. Moyang’ana kumtunda kwa munda yambani kukumba motalikira 10cm kenako kumasunthira ku chingwe chanu mpaka mutafika ndendende, lizike 10cm. Dothi lanu liunjikidwe bwino komanso mbali imodzi ya ngalande ya kumusi kwa munda ndi cholinga chodzakwilira nayo ngalande yanu. Ngati mukubzala mbatata ya makolo kapena ya kachewere ngalande yanu izike 15cm.

Ngalande zitatu zozika 10cm zotalikirana 37.5cm kuti mudzalemo sipinachi mothilidwa manyowa kapu imodzi ya 500ml pa 60cm iliyonse.

Mabeseni osaya

kukonza munda kuti mukumbe tingalande ta mbeu zomwe mipata yake ndi yofupikirana kwambiri kuposera 37.5cm kumakhala kovuta mmalo mwake timakumba beseni yosaya mmene timadzalamo mbeu zing’ono zing’ono. Mbeu zimenezi zimadzalidwa mma line awiri, atatu, ngakhale anai mu beseni yamulifupi kuyambira pa 25cm mpaka pa 45cm ndipo imakhala yozika 5cm, mbeu zake ndi monga bitiluti, karoti, anyenzi, anyenzi otsekemera, letesi, kolianda, redishi ndi roketi.

Luso la kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka manyowa ndi kompositi oika pamwamba pa nthaka idzifotokozedwa bwino pa mbeu iliyonse kuti wina aliyense ayambe kulima ndi zomwe Mulungu wadzipereka m`manja mwake. Koma ndi zoyamikirika kuti musinthe mkumagwiritsa ntchito kompositi oika kugwiritsa pamwamba pa nthaka pamene kompositi wanu watheka, kuti nthazi la dothi, zokolola zochuluka komanso phindu lokhazikika mpaka mtsogolo zioneke.

Beseni yosaya yozika 5cm mulifupi 25cm mutamwazidwa manyowa pang’ono 1cm.

2.11 Bulangete la Mulungu

Bulangete la Mulungu ndi zophimba zochuluka pa nthaka zimene Mulungu mu nzeru yake adazipanga pachiyambi pa chilengedwe. Izi ndi monga masamba a zomera, timitengo ndi zipatso komanso zokkhala m`magawo osiyanasiyana zomwe zimaola pamwamba pa nthaka. Ndipo ndi bulangete la Mulungu limeneli m`magawo ake a kawoledwe komwe limapanga nyengo ya chakudya cha tizilombo tamunthaka kuti tikhale ndi moyo, limapangitsanso kuti chinyezi chisathawe msanga mnthaka, kuletsa madzi kuthamanga pa mwamba pa nthaka komanso kuti nthaka isakokololeke, kupangitsa kuti chinyezi chikhale chochuluka komanso nthawi yaitali, ndi kulesa kuwala kwa dzuwa kufikira mbeu mwa chindunji. Mwa zifukwa zina zambiri onani “zifukwa 20 zimene timachita mmene timachitira ‘’ ndi buku la Mphunzitsi la Kulima mu Njira ya Mulungu.

Anthu a thanzi amadya zomera za nthanzi kuchokera muthaka ya thanzi yomwe ndi ya moyo. Tikuyenera kupanga chilichonse pofuna kulimbikitsa umoyo wa nthaka monganso Atate wathu a kumwamba ationetsera ife mu chilengedwe chake kuyambira pa chiyambi.

Bulangete la Mulungu ndilofunikiranso kwambiri poletsa kumera kwa udzu mnthaka. Ngati tingaone udzu mu ulimi wathu wa kulima mu Njira ya Mulungu ndi chifukwa choti bulangete laola ndi kukhala chogonera, sitipalira munda wathu wa chitsanzo, ndipo m`malo mwake timangoika bulangete lochuluka la pa mulingo wa 2.5cm kufikira pa mlingo wa kaphimbidwe wa (100%) woyenera. Njira yopalirayi imatchedwa kupalira kophweka ndipo ndi yodalilika kwambiri ngakhale udzu utakhala wovuta komanso woyanga.

Ngati mukufuna kupalira, dzulani udzu wanu ndi manja kapena uduleni pansi penipeni ndi khasu koma musasokoneze nthaka. Dulani udzu pa mulingo wa (1 inch) kapena malo okhala ubweya woyera kuti usaphuke ndi kukulanso.

Pamene mukufuna kubzala, sunthani bulangete lanu ndi kuisiya mbali ya kumunsi ya malo obzalapo ndipo musachotseretu bulangeteli m`munda wanu.

Mukatha kubzala njere za masamba, onetsetsani kuti bulangete silikuphimba pamwamba penipeni pa mbeu yobzalidwa chifukwa sizingathe kumera, kutuluka mnthaka, kudutsa bulangete. Siyani malo ochepa chabe pa mlingo wa (5cm) kuti mbeu zimere bwino. Kenako bulangete likhozaa kuikidwanso pansi pa masinde a zomera zanu. Kolianda

Bulangete lanu lisakwiliridwe mu dothi chifukwa zingapangitse kuti Naitulogeni asagwire ntchito choncho khalani osamala ndipo musathimbilize mkati bulangete pamene mukutakasa nthaka pogwiritsa ntchito chimtengo chopachizira mbeu, komanso musaphimbe bulangete ndi kompositi oika pamwamba pa nthaka kapena dothi.

Kolianda

IMu zaka za m`ma 1960 mzimayi yemwe dzina lake ndi “Mai Kufundira” Ruth Stant, adalemba bwino njira yake yosavuta ya bulangete labwino (60cm yophimba) munyengo ya chilimwe ndi kubzala mu zowola zosiyanasiyana zoyandikira nthaka nyengo ya dzinja ndi zophimba za khoma la mlingo wa (20cm) mbali zonse za minzere ndipo sadathire kena kalikonse, kompositi, fetereza, kapena kubzala mbeu yobiliwira ya manyowa koma bulangete labwino basi. Adamlemekeza Mulungu moona nanena m`buku lake “Kulima Mosagwira ntchito” Sindinayambitse bulangete koma Mulungu ndiye, Ngakhale bulangete lake lochuluka liri njira yovomerezeka, koma zinatenga zaka zingapo kuti ziyambe kupindulitsa ndi kukhazikika ndipo kachulukidwe ka bulangete kake alimi aminda ikuluikulu sangafikire.

Tikulimbikitsa bulangete la Mulungu penapaliponse 100% lochuluka pa mulingo wa (2.5cm). Bulangete la Mulungu liyenera kupezeka nthawi zonse m`minda yathu ngakhale tikulima masamba kapena mbeu zina zonse, izi zichitike pa kamunda kakang’ono kapena munda waukulu kwambiri.

Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zomera zotaidwa monga udzu odulidwa m`munda, tsekera, udzu ochotsedwa pa denga, masamba a nthochi, milaza, masamba a mitengo, kapena mapesi a chimanga komabe zinyalala zofewa sizivuta kugwiritsa ntchito munda wa masamba.

Mukhozanso kubzala bulangete yanuyanu ya mbeu yobiliwira ya manyowa. Onani “ulimi wa mbeu yobiliwira ya manyowa” mu buku la Mphunzitsi la Kulima mu Njira ya Mulungu.

2. Ndondomeko Ya Kayalidwe Kakonzedwe Ka Munda Wa Za Masamba